1. Introduction, Marla H. Mallette & Nell K. Duke

2. Turtles, Tortoises, Ethnographies, and Case Study: Nuances of Difference and Design, Catherine Compton-Lilly

3. Content Analysis: The Past, Present, and Future, Samuel DeJulio, James V. Hoffman, Misty Sailors, Ramón A. Martínez, & Melissa B. Wilson

4. Correlational Designs and Analyses, Michael J. Kieffer

5. Critical Race Methodologies, Alice Y. Lee & Amos J. Lee

6. Research Methods Unique to Digital Contexts: An Introduction to Virtual Ethnography, Christine Greenhow, Sarah Galvin, & K. Bret Staudt Willet

7. Approaches to Discourse Analysis in Language and Literacy Research, Amy Vetter & Melissa Schieble

8. Design-Based Research in Literacy, Gay Ivey

9. Causal Effects: Randomized Trials and Regression Discontinuity, Christina Weiland, Anne Shapiro, & Julia Lindsey

10. Doing Historical Research in Literacy, Norman A. Stahl & Douglas K. Hartman

11. Instrument Development, Sharon Walpole, John Z. Strong, & Meaghan N. Vitale

12. Meta-Analysis, Adriana G. Bus, Marinus H. van IJzendoorn, & Suzanne E. Mol

13. Mixed Research Approaches in Literacy Research, Anthony J. Onwuegbuzie & Marla H. Mallette

14. Narrative Approaches: Exploring the Phenomenon and/or Method, M. Kristiina Montero & Rachelle D. Washington

15. Neuroimaging, Jessica A. Church & Jack M. Fletcher

16. Single-Subject Experimental Design, Susan B. Neuman

17. Understanding Literacy Trends Through Survey Research, Gwynne Ellen Ash, James F. Baumann, & James J. Bason

18. Verbal Protocol Analysis in Literacy, Byeong-Young Cho

19. Considerations of Methodology and Epistemology in Designing Literacy Studies, Sarah J. McCarthey

20. Conclusion, Marla H. Mallette & Nell K. Duke

Appendix. Alphabetical Listing of the Exemplars