1. Academic Achievement: An American Dilemma

2. Traditional, Teacher-Centered Education versus Progressive, Student-Centered Education

3. Twentieth-Century Trends in Educational Policy: The Shift toward Student-Centered Programs

4. Trends in Specific Areas of the Curriculum: Reading, Mathematics, Science, and Social Studies, 1900 to the 1990s

5. Research on the Overall Effects of Teacher- and Student-Centered Educational Programs

6. Descriptive Studies of Early Educational Experiments

7. Student-Centered Education: From Theory to Practice

8. Socioeconomic and Learning Difference Effects

9. Parents, the Media, and other Nonschool Educators

10. Where Do We Go from Here? Conclusions and Recommendations

Appendix: Key Differences between Teacher-Centered and Student-Centered Instruction